suka SÜMER

Bayanai game da Sumerians

BC Duk da cewa ita ce birni mafi girma a cikin 2800, yawan jama'arta ya bambanta tsakanin 40.000 da 80.000. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan shine allunan yumɓu tare da King Lists. Dangane da wannan, akwai ma wata mace mai mulki mai suna Kubaba a cikin Sumerians. 35 ya kunshi matsayin-gari.
Sunyi amfani da cuneiform. Ana amfani da zane-zane da alamu a cikin labarin. Wadannan alamomin ana kiransu ideogram. Tsarin pitogram yana nufin bayyanar magana ta hanyar zanen. Gilgamesh, Epics of Creation da Labarin Ruwan Tufana na cikin Sumerians. Yaren da ake kira Emegir na gidan Ural ne - Altaic iyali. Mutanen Sumerian waɗanda suka samo labarin BC. 3500 - BC 2000s sun rayu a Mesopotamia.
Kamar yadda labarin almara na Sumerian, halittar mutum ya ƙunshi matakai. Da farko akwai teku. Sannan teku da kasa sun hade. Sannan akwai wani tsaunin tsaunin cosmic. A matakin karshe, gumaka da mutane sun kirkiro.
Bayan an san shi da mafi tsufa a cikin giya, ana shaye shaye ta musamman bambaro.

Addini a cikin Sumerians

Duk da cewa sun yi imani da wani nau'in bauta na bautar gumaka, kowane abu yana da allah. Duk da cewa waɗannan allolin suna da alama mutane ne, amma sun kasance alloli marasa mutuwa ne waɗanda ke da iko fiye da mutane. Mutane sun yi magana da gumakansu ta hanyar gidajen da ake kira Ziggurat. Firistocin sun mallaki Zigurats. A lokacin da sarakunan suke nada su, sarakunan sun ƙunshi manyan firistoci. Kodayake sun kasance masu demigods, sun ɗauki aikin allahntaka. Yankunan da ake kira Ziggurat an gina su gwargwadon iko kuma suna da aƙalla benaye uku. Floorasan bene ya kasance adana kayayyaki da kayayyaki, yayin da ake amfani da benayen tsakiya azaman makarantu da haikalin. An tsara saman bene a matsayin wurin kallo. Manufar ta kasance kusa da Allah mai iko da iko, Sky Allah. Dangane da allolin Sumerian, allah na farko, babban allah kuma allahn wata wata bautar sama ta Anu; Ki a matsayin na farko da mace mace da ƙasa. Enlil, allahn iska da mahaifin dukkan sauran alloli. allahn hikima Enki; babbar uwargida da allahn mahaifiyarta Ninma wata allah wata a Nanna; Utu, dan allah rana da Nanna; Ecem, sarauniyar gumakan; Inanna, allah mai kauna da haihuwa; allolin Ashnan da bautar gumakan Lahar.

Tsarin zamantakewa da Al'adu a cikin Sumerians

Kenger ya bayyana yanayin nasu, yayin Emegir shine yaren da suke magana. Hakanan an rarraba tsarin zamantakewa zuwa kashi biyu. Bambanci shine farkon ambaliyar ruwa (4000-3000 BC) da bayan ambaliyar ruwa. Yayinda aka karɓi tsarin matriarchal a cikin lokacin rigyawa kafin ambaliyar, an sami canji daga wannan tsari zuwa tsarin patriarchal a cikin aikin bayan ambaliyar.
Dukda cewa aji ya kunshi azuzuwan, amma mafi girman karatun shine malamai. Wannan aji ya hada da sojoji da malamai. A aji na biyu, jama'a sun shiga kuma a aji na uku akwai bayi. Bayan ambaliyar sai malamin ya karɓi ragamar tafiyar da harkokin mulki tare da kama ragamar tafiyar da mulkin, wanda aka yi shi a matsayin masarautun gari. Firistocin sun karɓi aikin biranen biranen, yayin da manyan firistoci suka ɗauki matsayin gwamnatin a matsayin Sarki Mai Tsarkin.

Ambaliyar Ruwa

Shine juyawa a cikin Sumerians. Wannan ambaliya iri ɗaya ce da ta Tufanar Nuhu. Garin-gari na farko da aka kafa bayan wannan ambaliyar shine Kish.

Kimiyya a cikin Sumerians

Sun sami ci gaba a kimiya da fasaha. An yi amfani da kayayyaki kamar su, tukunyar tukunya, murhu, rodi, tandoori, amma sun gina gidaje biyu da uku na dutse, laka da tubalin. Akwai hanyoyi na ban ruwa da tsarin ban ruwa. Sun kirkiro dabaran. Sun kirkiro tushen lissafi da lissafi kuma suka bunkasa ayyukan hudu. Sunyi amfani da kalanda na farko dangane da shekarar. Watan da ke cikin kwanakin 360 sune ranakun 30. Sun kuma inganta sundial.
Tare da lura da abubuwan da suka sanya a cikin abubuwan lura, sun rubuta motsi na Mercury, Venus, Mars da Jupiter. Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da yanki, girma, ma'aunin nauyi tsawon. Arts kamar taimako, sassaka, sculptor da kayan ado sun bunkasa. Jiha ce ta farko da ta fara samun ka’idoji.

Rushewar Sumerians

Sumerians sun fara gajiya bayan gwagwarmayar biranen garin bayan tufana. BC A cikin 2800, yawancin biranen Sumerian suna mulkin Etana, Sarkin Hunturu, amma wannan ya haifar da fadada sauran biranen. Don haka, duk da rauni, barazanar farko ta Elamis ta fara kai hari ga Sumerians. Bayan harin Akkaden, ba zai iya samun kwanciyar hankali da rushewa ba.